future-of-journalism

http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/11/19/business/outsource.php

By Doreen Carvajal
International Herald Tribune

Posted: Nov. 19, 2006

Doreen Carvajal, a media reporter for the IHT in Paris, has two decades of journalism experience covering a broad range of topics from politics and immigration to book publishing and the business of culture. She was based previously in the United States, working as a staff reporter for a number of major newspapers, including The New York Times, the Los Angeles Times and the Philadelphia Inquirer.doreen.carvajal@iht.com

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The rush of job recruiting ads on MonsterIndia.com tells the story of the latest class of workers to watch their trade start migrating to another continent.

"Urgent requirement for business writers," reads one ad looking for journalists to locate in Mumbai. "Should be willing to work in night shifts (UK shift)." Another casts for English-speaking journalists in Bangalore with "experience in editing and writing for US/International Media."

Remote-control journalism is the scornful term that unions use for the shift of newspaper jobs to low-cost countries like India or Singapore with fiber-optic connections transmitting information all around the world. But the momentum for "offshoring" to other countries or outsourcing locally is accelerating as newspapers small and large seek ways to reduce costs in the face of severe stresses, from sagging circulation and advertising revenue to shareholder pressure.

"Outsourcing plays a major part in the newspaper industry of today," the World Association of Newspapers concluded in a study released in July. WAN, a Paris-based organization representing 72 national newspaper associations, conducted a global survey of about 350 newspapers in Europe, Asia and the United States, and company executives reported that they expected the outsourcing to increase, although few were willing to farm out all of their editorial functions.

Since then, the memos have been churning: The Columbus Dispatch in Ohio announced its intentions to shed 90 graphic design jobs and ship out the work to Affinity Express in Pune, India. The Contra Costa Times, a California newspaper newly acquired by Media News Group in the breakup of Knight Ridder, revealed plans to shift ad production positions to Express KCS in India, which bills itself as the "world's media back office." In Britain, the tabloid Daily Express sparked an uproar in the newsroom when it chose to outsource its entire city business section to a local press association. According to the newspaper's union, the executives chose this alternative only after touring potential companies in India that offered writing and copy editing services.

"It's a very depressing time to be working for newspapers," said one of the union representatives at The Daily Express, who declined to be identified because of concerns about job security. "The underlying theme is about the quality of what we're putting on the pages. The kind of a product that The Daily Express is going to have is a total disservice. If I was a reader, I would vote with my feet and stop buying it."

Paul Ashford, the group editorial director of The Daily Express who is negotiating with the union over the changes, declined to comment, saying that it would be inappropriate to discuss the issue while talks were continuing. But there are a number of news organizations that have emerged as case studies for media companies weighing the benefits of reduced costs versus potential disadvantages like loss of control, company resistance and political backlash.

More than two years ago, Reuters, the financial news service, opened a new center in Bangalore. The 340 employees, including an editorial team of 13 local journalists, was deployed to write about corporate earnings and broker research on U.S. companies. Since then, the Reuters staff at the center has grown to about 1,600, with 100 journalists working on U.S. stories.The company has also moved photo editing work from Canada and Washington, D.C., to Singapore.

More expansion is planned in India, according to David Schlesinger, Reuters global managing editor, who said that costs were significantly lower in India, although the competition to recruit financial journalists there was increasing. The system has "allowed us to really increase the breadth of companies that we cover," Schlesinger said. "One of the problems with the U.S. equities universe is that there are so many companies, and this has allowed us to cover so many more than we could before. And it's allowed us to increase our depth because it's freed up reporters in New York to do more."

He pointed out that the staff count in New York had actually increased since the Bangalore office opened. But that is small comfort to the Newspaper Guild of New York, which has engaged in a series of skirmishes with Reuters' management over the issue. Guild members picketed the Reuters office on Times Square last year, waged a byline strike over off-shoring and spoofed the potential for error in Bangalore with a paid advertisement in the Wall Street Journal.The ad pictured the businessman Warren Buffett with a caption clearly intended for the singer Jimmy Buffett: "Buffett, known for such hits as 'Margaritaville' and 'Cheeseburger in Paradise,' promotes his upcoming tour."

But the more vociferous challenges subsided after a U.S. arbitrator ruled against a guild challenge that off-shoring jobs violated the guild's contract with Reuters. The guild still maintains that "you can't cover Wall Street from Bangalore, India," said John Phillips, a guild representative and a former Reuters employee, who said that the system was a "recipe for disaster," with Bangalore employees making judgment calls about the importance of news stories from an office 9,000 miles, or 14,400 kilometers, away. But guild reporters in New York cannot match the price differential in Bangalore, where wages and rents are less than one-fifth those of Western capitals. In Amhmedabad, 300 miles, or 480 kilometers, north of Mumbai, Hi-Tech Export offers a discounted rate for 40 hours of editing services starting at .280, or $359.

Since 2000, when it started targeting the outsourcing market in the United States, Europe, Canada and Australia, Hi-Tech Export's staff has grown to 700, serving more than 300 clients, according to Gaurang Kajtavkar, a spokesman for the company. "We're a full-fledged service company," he said, noting that they offered proofreading, copy-editing and writing services to companies in the United States, France and Britain.The service, though, is offered only in English, leaving some newspapers at a disadvantage if they want to join trend toward job migration. The Vorarlberger Nachrichten in Vienna is one such paper. It is on the list of outsourcing case studies compiled by the World Association of Newpapers, which cited it for its citizen "burgerforum," which provides the newspaper with the fodder for stories from some "2,500 freelancers who are working for us for free," said Eugen Russ, managing director of Vorarlberger Medienhaus, the paper's parent company. He does not consid!
er the interactive forum a form of outsourcing, although his newspaper has moved the development of Web site software to lower cost Romania. Russ said he would be willing to move some jobs to India, but there's a hitch: "It's more problematic with the German language."

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// posted by newshare @ 11:48 PM

URL: http://nationaljournal.com/powers.htm

By William Powers, National Journal
© National Journal Group Inc.
Friday, Jan. 12, 2007

The first time I heard about what would come to be called the surge, I was driving late at night, listening to a BBC news report on satellite radio. Citing "a senior administration source," the report said that President Bush would soon "reveal a new Iraq strategy," which would include sending more troops to that embattled nation.

Did it matter that I received the news this way, rather than in print or on a screen? If, instead of hearing it on a radio channel, I'd seen the story on the BBC's Web site or one of its TV broadcasts, or read a pickup in the morning newspaper, would that have affected my understanding of it? Would it have changed my "read" on the story as it played out through this week, culminating in Bush's big announcement?

We're living through an interesting moment in media evolution, when it's dawning on the news establishment that medium and message both matter, and that they work together in a kind of symbiosis.

On the most basic level, the answer is no, it doesn't matter that I first heard this particular piece of news on the radio. I'm glad I encountered the troop-increase story just as it broke -- the BBC beat the pack on this one -- and before the word "surge" got attached and became the first zombie-chant banality of the new year. But those factors had nothing to do with the mode of delivery. The point is: Who cares? Print, radio, TV, digital -- it's all the same, as long as the story itself doesn't change. Right? Maybe not. We're living through an interesting moment in media evolution, when it's dawning on the news establishment that medium and message both matter, and that they work together in a kind of symbiosis. A dozen years ago, at the start of the digital-news era, a lot of media outlets assumed that the way to thrive in this new landscape of news was to be agnostic as to medium. The trick was to spread the same content across various "platforms" and thereby p!
ull in audience. It wasn't the vehicle that mattered, but whether it arrived at its destination, which is you and me.

That philosophy gave us, among other things, those baggy newspaper Web sites that try to be one-stop destinations for every kind of content -- fact and opinion, hard news and analysis, sobriety and attitude -- via text, image, audio, video, chats, blogs, you name it. Although convenient and often useful, such sites have a serious fish-nor-fowl problem. By being all things to all consumers, they lack the identity that builds loyalty. Not surprisingly, few have turned a profit. Now big media companies are trying a new approach -- use different kinds of media to deliver different kinds of content. Analysis and big-idea commentary run on paper, while hard news and bloggy of-the-moment fare go online.

Exhibit A: In an effort to survive the brutal culling now under way in the print media, Time magazine is reshaping itself in the direction of what New York Times media columnist David Carr calls "point-of-view journalism," hiring brand-name commentators to weigh in weekly on Big Issues. Meanwhile, the magazine has redesigned its Web site to play up breaking news and blogs.

Exhibit B: The Wall Street Journal's redesign, just out last week, envisions the paper itself as a vehicle for what publisher L. Gordon Crovitz calls "what-it-means journalism," while the Web site is "focused on what's happening right now." Los Angeles Times media writer Tim Rutten likens this division of labor to the old split between morning and afternoon newspapers, where the former were more about hard news, the latter about analysis and context.

It's a nice, clean distinction -- perhaps a little too clean. As my BBC experience shows, hard news is the most fungible of content; a scoop still feels like a scoop however it arrives, even on paper. And serious analytical writing can work beautifully online if presented in a format that doesn't seem rushed and jangly, i.e., one that mimics certain qualities of paper media. The Web site Arts & Letters Daily, which picks up think pieces from all over (and, disclosure, has a link to this column), has been doing this nicely for years.

But the sorting out of the media has just begun. A million subtleties will emerge, and those who grasp them and become adept at the deep game of matching content to medium will survive and prosper. They always do.

-- William Powers is a columnist for National Journal magazine, where "Off Message" appears. His e-mail address is bpowers@nationaljournal.com.
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This article above is copyrighted material, the use of which may not have specifically authorized by the copyright owner. The material is made available in an effort to advance understanding of political, economic, democracy, First Amendment, technology, journalism, community and justice issues, etc. We believe this constitutes a 'fair use' as provided by Section 107 of U.S. Copyright Law. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Chapter 1, Section 107, the material above is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes. If you wish to use copyrighted material from this blog for purposes beyond fair use, you must obtain permission from the copyright owner.

// posted by newshare @ 6:09 PM